Courses
Business Administration - Leadership and Management-2025/2026
Level 1 | ||||
ACCT-1100 | Principles of Accounting 1 | 3 | ||
This course introduces the student to the Principles of Accounting, and includes an exploration of the underlying concepts that guide the preparation of accounts for individuals and organizations. It is designed to teach the student, regardless of program destination, an essential life skill - an understanding of Net Worth, and its importance to business success and the financial well being of the individual. | ||||
MATH-1052 | Business Math | 3 | ||
This course provides a review of basic arithmetic and algebra as well as providing students with mathematical tools and concepts needed for other college courses and in future employment. This course is to prepare students for later courses in Marketing, Business, Financial Planning, Accounting, Purchasing and Insurance. | ||||
BUSI-1060 | Strategies for Success | 1 | ||
This course presents and helps to develop some of the skills required to achieve academic and career success. Areas of focus include college resources, study skills, time management, academic integrity, emotional self-awareness and social skills development. Additionally, emphasis is placed on career readiness and preparation. | ||||
WRIT-1032 | Reason & Writing Business 1 | 3 | ||
This course will introduce business students to essential principles of reading, writing, and reasoning at the postsecondary level. Students will identify, summarize, analyze, and evaluate multiple short readings and write persuasive response essays to develop their vocabulary, comprehension, grammar, and critical thinking. | ||||
MKTG-1012 | Principles of Marketing 1 | 3 | ||
This course is designed to provide an overview of the decisions that face Marketers in today's fast-paced and competitive business environment. Students will learn that marketing is not only advertising but a broad set of activities designed to satisfy consumer needs and wants. Students examine the information Marketers require for effective decision-making and learn the basic elements of the marketing planning process. | ||||
BUSI-1005 | Introduction to Business Processes | 3 | ||
This course explores the various functional areas of business in Canada and demonstrates the interrelationship among these areas. Students are introduced to many concepts, including major business trends, the role of government in business, marketing, operations, employee-management issues, financial resources management, business ethics and social responsibility. | ||||
Level 2 | ||||
COMP-3077 | Excel for Business Adv | 3 | ||
Modern spreadsheet programs perform far beyond simple number crunching. The functionality of Microsoft Excel continues to move the application into new venues such as visual interactive data presentations or sales proposals. Given the now commonplace nature of the program, it is crucial that all business minded professionals have a comprehensive knowledge of MS Excel. Upon successful completion of this curriculum, students will be trained in MS Excel for MOS (Microsoft Office Specialist) expert level Excel certification. MOS testing is available at certified testing centers across Canada. | ||||
MATH-1175 | Financial Math | 3 | ||
This course explains the time value of money calculations used in Mathematics of Finance. It covers topics such as simple interest, compound interest, annuities-simple and general, bonds and cost-benefit analysis. | ||||
BUSI-1099 | Customer Relations | 3 | ||
This course covers the concepts and skills needed to provide exceptional service to consumers in the both for-profit and not-for-profit businesses and emphasizes how to develop skills in order to establish and maintain long-term customer relationships within various industry sectors. Emphasis is placed on using case studies in order to learn how to project a customer-friendly image, how to handle demanding customers and most importantly how to appreciate cultural differences in customer service expectations. | ||||
ECON-1002 | Economics 1 | 3 | ||
Economics I is an introductory microeconomics course which covers a broad curriculum of microeconomic principles. Students will study the foundations of economic choice, market pricing, consumer behaviour, business decision making, market structure and policy development in a small open economy like Canada. | ||||
MGMT-1209 | Corporate Social Responsibility & Ethics | 3 | ||
This course reviews the concepts and principles of several traditional ethics frameworks and applies these principles to the practices of business. Students are asked to examine their own ethical principles and consider how these principles translate to business. Ethical guidelines are utilized to review and analyze business dilemmas. Emphasis is placed on the application of these guidelines with a primary focus on challenging students to investigate and resolve problems and ethical dilemmas that they may face in their business or professional lives. Students are encouraged to use different strategies to make decisions and solve problems related to ethical dilemmas. | ||||
Level 3 | ||||
MATH-1201 | Business Statistics | 3 | ||
This course provides an understanding of statistical and data analysis techniques and develops students' skills in organizing and summarizing information. Statistical methods in relation to data collection, analysis, presentation and interpretation of quantitative data are presented. Topics of discussion also include summary measures, probability, normal probability distributions, sample data and sampling distributions, and hypothesis testing. Students will further develop their skills with spreadsheet software. | ||||
FINA-1031 | Financial Management Applications | 3 | ||
The purpose of this course is to give students an opportunity to understand and use the financial statements and reports of incorporated small businesses, namely the Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flows. Students are also introduced to Pro Forma Statements, Cash Budgets and ways to develop these tools. Students will perform ratio and trend analysis, prepare projections and improve their skills in the management of small business financial affairs. | ||||
COMM-3020 | Professional Communication | 3 | ||
This course develops students' literacy and professional communication skills. Students focus on current business issues and convey relevant meaning in oral and written format. The main themes of the course include writing reports and other relevant business documents (e.g. letters, short reports); communicating in groups and meetings; awareness of intercultural communication and diverse audiences; the job search (including resumes and cover letters); business; business rhetoric in speaking and writing; summarizing and evaluating current business-related readings; delivering presentations; researching and documenting reports using APA format; and self-editing skills. | ||||
MGMT-3041 | Organizational Behaviour | 3 | ||
Organizational behaviour (OB) theories and concepts are applicable to various work settings-private, public, for-profit, and not-for-profit. This course investigates how individuals, groups, and structures influence and are, in turn, influenced by behaviours in organizations. Discussion will focus on topics that include: history of OB; evolution of organizational structure, design and culture; work place productivity, employee skills and technology demands; conflict resolution; interpersonal skills; legislation related to workplace discrimination and harassment; leadership; and management of change, power, and organizational politics. | ||||
ECON-1005 | Economics 2 | 3 | ||
This is an introductory macroeconomics course. Students will study measures of macroeconomic activity, growth in the economy and the government's role in stabilizing the economy. | ||||
Level 4 | ||||
Group 1 | ||||
MGMT-3005 | Strategic HR Management | 3 | ||
This course will emphasize the importance of human resource management from a strategic perspective by providing students with an overview of the issues, functions and responsibilities of today's HR professional. Students will gain the ability to analyze and develop HR practices and policies that include planning, recruiting, selecting, training, motivating, rewarding, evaluating and providing feedback. Such activities enable today's HR professionals to create and maintain highly effective, efficient and empowered organizations. | ||||
BUSI-1070 | Small Business Ownership | 3 | ||
Small Business Ownership equips students with the knowledge and skills needed to start and manage a small business. A comprehensive overview of the essential elements of owning and operating a small business is provided. Students will explore small business considerations, business planning, and the practical steps required to launch and sustain a small business. Key topics include market research, business financing, marketing strategies, operations management, and legal considerations. Students take a hands-on approach in developing comprehensive, professional business plans, gaining the skills and knowledge needed to navigate the challenges and opportunities of small business ownership. By the end of the course, students will have created a detailed business plan and developed the skills necessary for small business ownership. | ||||
ACCT-1011 | Principles of Accounting 2 | 5 | ||
This course extends the introductory principles of Financial Accounting. Students will deepen their understanding of financial record-keeping by studying asset, liability, and equity accounts, along with the nuances of revenue and expense tracking. The curriculum also covers the distinct accounting requirements for partnerships and corporations and focuses on the critical evaluation of financial statements, including balance sheets and income statements. Additional topics include the examination of retained earnings and cash flows, along with an in-depth exploration of financial ratios. | ||||
LAWS-3041 | Business Law | 3 | ||
This course is an introduction to Canadian Business Law with an emphasis on the law in Ontario and its practical application in business and accounting environments. A mobile computing course (laptop) integrates technology; the students will utilize electronic resources and acquire the ability to identify and respond appropriately to relevant legal situations. Course content includes the constitution and court system, torts, professional liability, contracts, property, security interests and business formations. | ||||
MKTG-5009 | Sales, Marketing & Digital Channels | 3 | ||
This course develops the students' understanding of the intersection between sales and marketing in both the brick-and-mortar and digital worlds. Exposure to online marketing tactics and mobile communications will increase student's digital literacy. Students will learn to identify their clients'/customers' needs, speak to those needs, and select solutions that add the most value to their clients/customers, irrespective of the channel in which they operate. At the end of the course students will be able to seamlessly integrate tactics across channels, operating in the omni-channel universe. | ||||
Group 2 | ||||
MGMT-3011 | Project Management | 3 | ||
Project management is about meeting unique challenges. Project management involves understanding and managing the relationships between people and events, and the scarce resources of time and money. This course will provide practical theories for the successful development, implementation and evaluation of projects and events to meet the strategic and operational goals/objectives of a business. Students will be introduced to a variety of principles, practices, tools and resources to manage workplace projects personal projects and events. | ||||
INNV-1001 | Innovation Applications | 3 | ||
Organizations and individuals need to be innovative to succeed in the complex and rapidly-changing global marketplace. In this course you will learn the fundamentals of innovation and how innovation applies to your discipline or field.Using this foundational knowledge, you will apply the novel and adaptive thinking processes and tools presented in the course to complete an innovative learning project in collaboration with other students.The project will be based on a real-world scenario with a defined scope as chosen by your professor. The project may involve external live clients and a multi-disciplinary approach.Throughout the course, novel and adaptive thinking skills as well as collaboration skills will be evaluated through self assessment.This course is designed to give students in certificate and diploma programs a foundation in innovative thinking. | ||||
ACCT-1068 | Introduction to Payroll | 3 | ||
Students will learn the basics of payroll practices and procedures, including an overview of the payroll function, employment standards, earnings, taxable benefits, pension plans, employment insurance, taxation, calculating net pay, and all current periodic/annual reporting requirements. Excel software will be used throughout the course. | ||||
ACCT-1069 | Quickbooks | 3 | ||
QuickBooks is designed for the small to midsized business owner. Learn how this program can make it a snap to set up a chart of accounts, create and print invoices, receipts, and statements, track your receivables, payables, and inventory, and generate reports. | ||||
BUSI-1068 | Effective Meetings & Presentations | 3 | ||
This course covers the concepts, skills, and techniques for running effective business meetings and makingeffective presentations. Course material covered is applicable to all business sectors and audiences of all types and sizes. Emphasis is placed on learning appropriate strategies and multi-media techniques and applying them toindividual and group work assignments with business and non-business topics. Students learn to effectively incorporate computer applications like PowerPoint and digital media tools into business meetings and presentations. Students develop life-long strategies for dealing with presentation anxiety and stress. | ||||
BUSI-1071 | The Business of Real Estate | 3 | ||
Famous real estate investor Louis Glickman once said that the best investment on earth is earth. The accuracy of this statement has been proven time and time again, especially in the Canadian real estate market. In an industry ripe with opportunity, guidance from educated professionals through the intricate processes of buying and selling real estate is crucial. A licensed real estate sales representative or licensed Realtor® provides such guidance for the purpose of facilitating real estate transactions. In this course, in addition to acquiring wide-ranging knowledge of the real estate industry in Ontario, students will examine the marketing skillsets (digital and traditional), personalities, and lifestyles typical of the most successful real estate sales representatives. Details will also be provided concerning the requirements involved in becoming a licensed real estate sales representative and how money is earned in this profession. Real world and real time case material involving active real estate salespeople in today's market will be ever-present in the course materials. Such curricula will be used to demonstrate to students that, for the right type of person, commission sales in real estate can be an extremely rewarding career choice that may also provide exclusive exposure to select real estate investment opportunities. However, even for students who might find that selling real estate as a career choice is not a good match, the general knowledge to be gained in this course relating to social media and web optimization, sales techniques, entrepreneurial skills, and the work/life balance could be very beneficial across a variety of professions. | ||||
BUSI-1092 | The Greening of Business | 3 | ||
This course explores the integration of sustainable practices within business operations. In doing this, the course emphasizes the importance of environmental and social responsibility in today's corporate world. Students will learn about the principles of sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and various sustainability initiatives on a global level. Core topics include green business models, sustainable supply chain management, social change, eco-friendly product design, energy efficiency, waste reduction, government regulations, and government compliance. Students will gain practical skills to implement and manage green initiatives within various business contexts. Students will be tasked with examining an existing small business and preparing a comprehensive greening recommendation plan for that business. By the end of the course, students will have created a recommendation plan that highlights their knowledge and various initiatives to enhance sustainability efforts within a small business and contribute to the development of environmentally conscious businesses. | ||||
BUSI-3004 | Critical Thinking | 3 | ||
This course addresses the skills associate with critical thinking. Critical thinking involves the ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information effectively. This includes assessing the validity and reliability of arguments, recognizing fallacies and rhetoric, and identifying underlying assumptions and biases. Students will immerse themselves in learning to think critically; they will develop a diverse set of cognitive abilities essential for assessing arguments, discerning truth, overcoming biases, and articulating compelling support of conclusions. Students will learn to make informed decisions and judgements across different domains, including business, science, social science, and ethics. BUSI3004 will cultivate these various intellectual capacities and attitudes, enabling students to effectively apply reasoned thinking in various contexts. | ||||
BUSI-3013 | Small Business Entrepreneurship | 3 | ||
Should you become a small business owner? Want to know how small business can compete effectively in today's marketplace? Examine the business environment and the risks and rewards of ownership by participating in panel discussions and interviews with successful small business owners, plus explore ideas that can make your small business more competitive. You get the benefit of years of experience and new insights for success. | ||||
BUSI-3014 | Small Business Simulation | 3 | ||
Students will apply the business knowledge they have gained throughout the first three semesters of the curriculum in a (computerized) simulated business environment to test their knowledge and abilities as a business owner/manager. Working initially individually, then moving into teams, students will use business information to plan, execute and analyze strategies to achieve business success. | ||||
BUSI-3022 | Foreign Exchange Peer Project | 2 | ||
Fanshawe students studying at HZ University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands on the one semester student exchange program may select the Peer Project, an HZ course designed to bring together students of all nationalities to foster understanding and cooperation. | ||||
BUSI-3023 | Foreign Exchange Language Studies | 3 | ||
Fanshawe students studying at HZ University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands on the one semester student exchange program may select a foreign language elective offered by the university. | ||||
BUSI-3028 | International Business | 3 | ||
This is an introductory course on international business. It will provide a basic overview of how international business differs from domestic business. The course will explain the factors that companies consider when evaluating opportunities to expand their businesses beyond domestic markets. Upon completion of the course, students will be able to compare and contrast how domestic businesses and international businesses organize themselves to optimize their limited resources. | ||||
COMP-1413 | Adobe Suite for Business | 3 | ||
The requirement for new business graduates to possess robust skills in three categories of graphic application is becoming an industry standard. Employers hiring for a variety of marketing positions are often looking for prospects that can do all of the following: use Adobe Photoshop for digital image editing, use Adobe Illustrator for digital illustration, and use Adobe InDesign for digital desktop publishing. This course provides students with real-world instruction and application of practical and common skills associated with the Big 3 Adobe design applications: Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign. Common internet platforms such as e-newsletters, blogs and wikis are also used in this course to demonstrate their purpose and function in the business world in the areas of digital publishing and web communication. Overall, using the three aforementioned Adobe applications and the World Wide Web, students will be introduced to a variety of professional design concepts and principles in a format that everyday business and marketing professionals can understand. | ||||
FDMG-1039 | Dining for Professional Success | 3 | ||
Enjoy the tastes, sounds and aromas as you dine each week. This exploration of culture and customs in various national dining practices is designed to create an awareness of and develop sensitivity to different cultural behaviors and customs, especially for students traveling outside their own country or who will be dealing with people of other countries or cultures. Students will explore the influence of culture, religion, geography and history on dining practices around the world. | ||||
FINA-1004 | Finance 1 | 3 | ||
A general education course developed to provide students with the fundamental financial life skills so that they can make educated financial management decisions over the course of their lifetime. The emphasis is on those financial life skills that are of particular relevance in the early stages of the financial management life cycle. | ||||
FINA-1037 | Taxation | 3 | ||
Designed to provide students with an understanding of the objectives, principles and administration of income taxation in Canada, this course covers employment, business, property, capital gains, other income, deductions,tax credits and the calculation of taxes payable for individual residents in Canada. Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to prepare personal income tax returns using commercial software. | ||||
INSR-1001 | Fundamentals of Insurance | 4 | ||
The objective of this course is to introduce students to the principles and practice of insurance by showing the multi-faceted nature of the insurance business, dealing with risk and how insurance responds to it, looking briefly at some of the law that deals with insurance, introducing many of the terms and practices commonly encountered in the business, and outlining the basic policy coverages for automobile and property insurance. | ||||
MGMT-3053 | Supervisory Management | 3 | ||
In this course students will have a clear understanding of the management skills needed by first line supervisors and small business owners with employees. Topics include: staffing, performance management, current workplace legislation, orientation and training, conflict, diversity, termination, and personal development of supervisory skills. | ||||
MGMT-3058 | Retail Management & e-Commerce | 3 | ||
Almost 60% of the Canadian economy involves consumer spending. That makes retail management an integral part of the Canadian economy. This course focuses on decision making tools for developing retail strategy, planning merchandise, and building customer loyalty. With an ever increasing number of retailers devoting resources to attracting customers online we will spend time exploring e-commerce. | ||||
MKTG-1028 | Secondary Market Research | 3 | ||
This course provides an introduction to marketing research. It focuses on the collection, analysis and reporting of secondary data (data that has already been published) for planning, evaluating and improving marketing programs. Secondary data is used to answer questions about the size and segmentation of markets, competitor strategies, media effectiveness and changing customer needs. Students will be introduced to paper-based, database and Internet sources of marketing data and information and will complete a research project. | ||||
MKTG-1054 | Principles of Advertising & Branding | 3 | ||
This course examines the role of advertising media and promotions in Marketing and explores the concept of integrated marketing communications. Students are provided with an overview of advertising and branding and its role in modern marketing. Students will explore various ways of delivering messages to a target audience. | ||||
MKTG-1093 | Sports, Entertainment & Event Marketing | 3 | ||
This course exposes students to the growing field of sports and entertainment marketing with a focus on the theory and practice. This course explores the planning and marketing of sports, entertainment and events. Students learn about the planning, promotion and evaluation of special events within these specific industries. While focusing on the practical application of theory, students will study topics such as sport/event branding, athletes and/or performers, sports/entertainment organizations and special events and sponsorship. | ||||
MKTG-1095 | Digital Marketing | 3 | ||
The Digital Marketing course will give students an introductory exposure to current social media and digital marketing trends. | ||||
Level 5 | ||||
SYST-5001 | Management Information Systems | 3 | ||
Managers rely heavily on information systems to be informed, and to make operational and strategic decisions. Managers are often involved in purchasing information systems and in supervising IT specialists, and need a broad understanding of how systems work and the environment in which they operate. Topics in this course include: hardware and software; file and database organization; telecommunications and networks; e-commerce; security; information management and decision support systems; systems development; and the impact of computers and the internet on business and society. | ||||
ACCT-5012 | Managerial Accounting | 3 | ||
Managers make extensive use of financial accounting records for operational and strategic decision making. This course emphasizes management accounting topics such as financial statement analysis, cost accounting approaches, cost allocation and analysis, and budgeting. This allows the student to understand the role of accounting in business and how accounting data is used in the decision-making process. | ||||
MGMT-5062 | Leadership Principles & Practices | 3 | ||
In this course students will learn to identify and use a variety of leadership styles. They will be able to tailor their leadership style to the specific situations they encounter. They will learn to apply these leadership techniques to accommodate the diversity of interests, cultures and human behaviours they will encounter. Self-assessment and case study materials add an experiential element. | ||||
MGMT-5063 | Organizational Change & Development | 3 | ||
Whether change is forced upon an organization or is strategic, change has become the norm. Effective organizations engage in strategic development, and take steps to be continuously learning as internal and external environments evolve. This course examines the effect of change in organizations and the challenges involved with organizational development. Topics include the principles and techniques for assessing the need for strategic change, strategies for implementing change effectively and for dealing with resistance to change, and methods for evaluating change efforts. Case study methodology is used extensively. | ||||
MKTG-5006 | Marketing Management | 3 | ||
Marketing is more than just advertising and sales. Marketing is a multi-disciplinary process that facilitates exchanges of value between organizations and their clients and customers. Effective management of the marketing function provides unique challenges for all organizations. This course provides an overview of the decisions managers face as they develop and execute marketing plans. Recent trends impacting strategies and tactics will be addressed. Students will work in groups to design a marketing plan to address the objectives of an organization. | ||||
MGMT-5038 | Community Consultancy 1 | 6 | ||
This course offers students the opportunity to assist businesses, organizations, or not-for-profits with solving a problem, addressing a need, and/or developing new innovative ideas. Students are partnered with a client and will work in teams as consultants for the client throughout the term. Under the guidance of two faculty advisors, students undertake comprehensive research and analysis, culminating in a final recommendation report and presentation for the client that addresses the client's "ask". Students will draw on their foundational business knowledge gained over their initial two years of study and provide strategic advice grounded in primary and secondary research. The scope of student work may encompass areas such as feasibility plans, marketing plans, market research and analysis, fundraising plans, social media and marketing communications, communication plans, customer service analysis, project management services, and/or new product and development recommendations. Community Consultancy, a 6-credit course, follows a service-learning model that integrates experiential learning, academic enrichment, personal development, and community engagement. Students are challenged to excel and collaborate in a business-like environment while honing their real-world employability skills and building their professional portfolios. Clients of the Community Consultancy benefit from students' rigorous efforts in researching, analyzing, and synthesizing data to deliver actionable recommendations. | ||||
Level 6 | ||||
MGMT-5034 | Strategic Policy & Planning | 3 | ||
Strategic management is a field of inquiry that focuses on the organization as a whole and its interactions with its environment. Strategy and policy are the means by which the functional units are bound together to produce a synergistic effect that will influence outcomes for the organization. This course explores the four basic elements of strategic management: environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation and evaluation, and control. This course will provide a bridge in the gap between theory and practice by applying concepts and techniques learned in earlier courses covering marketing, accounting, finance, management, production and information systems. | ||||
MGMT-6036 | Global Business Environment | 3 | ||
This course outlines the most important characteristics of todays global environment. It describes the forces driving the international economy and the essential tools, rules and norms of international trade. International business impacts most people, governments and institutions around the world. This may be as a consumer of a product imported from a foreign nation, an employee of a multi-national firm, a government official in a developing country hoping to create jobs through investment from a multinational firm, or a domestic company suddenly experiencing competition from an offshore firm. In each situation, individuals will be impacted by the laws, agreements and institutions which govern international business. This course will examine the theoretical and practical aspects of international business and the management of firms operating in an international environment. Topics will include international trade theory, the international business environment, trade agreements, global strategy, logistics and marketing. | ||||
MGMT-5066 | Performance Management | 3 | ||
Performance Management is a strategic and integrated approach to increasing the effectiveness of organizations by improving the performance of the people who work in them and by developing the capabilities of teams and individual contributors. A critical objective is to align the personal goals of individuals with organizational goals. Various tools used in performance management will be examined including: defining job expectations, setting personal goals & objectives, evaluating individual & team performance, job design, and performance incentive & reward systems. | ||||
MGMT-5059 | Operations Management | 3 | ||
This course is an introduction to the field of Operations Management, the art and science of ensuring that goods and services are created and delivered successfully to customers, while focusing on the creation of a value in the Supply Chain in both manufacturing (production) and service organizations. Topics will discuss operational strategies and their impact on operational strategy and customer satisfaction. This course will cover basic and tactical applications in the area of study. | ||||
INNV-5001 | Innovation Applications | 3 | ||
Organizations and individuals need to be innovative to succeed in the complex and rapidly-changing global market place. In this course you will learn the fundamentals of innovation and how innovation applies to your discipline or field.Using this foundational knowledge, you will select and apply the novel and adaptive thinking processes and tools presented in the course to complete an innovative learning project in collaboration with other students. The project will be based on a real-world scenario identified in consultation with your professor. The project may involve an external live client and a multi-disciplinary approach. Throughout the course, novel and adaptive thinking skills and collaboration skills will be evaluated [and developed for GC and degree] through self assessment and peer assessment. This course is designed to give students in advanced diploma programs the opportunity apply innovative thinking to a real-world problem that they select. | ||||
MGMT-5061 | Interpersonal Skills in Organizations | 3 | ||
In this course students will learn to build the personal skills needed to be effective in a business environment since effective leadership and management are founded upon inter-personal skills which can be learned. Through self-discovery and hands-on training, students will gain the ability to motivate themselves and will practice the skills to influence others. Topic areas include goal setting, persuading individuals and groups, negotiating, managing conflict, team building, decision-making, problem-solving, politicking, networking, mentoring and coaching. | ||||